Scientific Sessions

Arrhythmias are disorders of the heart’s rhythm that occur when the electrical impulses coordinating cardiac contraction become irregular, too fast, or too slow. They can range from benign premature beats to life-threatening conditions such as ventricular fibrillation or atrial fibrillation (AF). The field of electrophysiology focuses on understanding the electrical activity of the heart and identifying the mechanisms behind these rhythm disturbances. Advances in diagnostic tools such as electrocardiography (ECG), Holter monitoring, implantable loop recorders, and electrophysiological (EP) mapping systems have significantly improved the detection, classification, and localization of arrhythmic foci. Molecular and genetic research has also uncovered the roles of ion channel dysfunction, autonomic imbalance, and myocardial fibrosis in triggering and sustaining arrhythmias.

Modern approaches to managing arrhythmias have evolved with the development of precise and minimally invasive interventions. Catheter ablation techniques, guided by 3D electroanatomical mapping, allow physicians to target and eliminate abnormal electrical pathways with high accuracy. Implantable devices such as pacemakers, defibrillators (ICDs), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) systems have dramatically improved survival and quality of life for patients with bradyarrhythmias and malignant tachyarrhythmias. Pharmacological agents, including antiarrhythmic drugs and anticoagulants, remain essential for rhythm control and stroke prevention, especially in atrial fibrillation. Emerging innovations such as pulsed-field ablation, leadless pacemakers, and gene-based therapies are shaping the future of electrophysiology by offering safer, more durable, and personalized treatment options. Collectively, these advancements have transformed arrhythmia management from symptomatic control to long-term rhythm restoration and cardiac function preservation.